Reviews

Reviews of JAZZMEN

"Biographer Tye (Bobby Kennedy) presents a mesmerizing group portrait of American jazz greats Duke Ellington (1899–1974), Louis Armstrong (1901–1971), and Count Basie (1904–1984). Tracing each man’s influential career, Tye captures their intense work ethic and rigorous travel schedules (Armstrong alone averaged 300 nights on the road per year), their music’s deep gospel roots, and their artistic styles and gifts (Ellington and Basie flourished as conductors, while Armstrong thrived by communing with a live audience). Yet Tye’s main focus lies in how his subjects changed American culture at large: even as Armstrong, Ellington, and Basie endured the indignities of touring during the Jim Crow era, they brought alive in their music the “invisible stories of Black America.” In doing so, Tye contends, the jazz legends opened “white America’s ears and souls to the grace of their music and their personalities” and “the virtues of Black artistry,” and helped set the stage for the civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s. With scrupulous attention to detail, Tye brings his subjects to life as both forces of social change and three-dimensional human beings who lived and breathed their art, from Ellington’s soulful, “Shakespearian” arrangements to Armstrong’s “heart as big as Earth” and Basie’s “Buddha-like” temperament. It’s a vibrant ode to a legendary trio and the “rip-roaring harmonies” that made them great."

"Mr. Tye has an easy way of telling a story, a knack for characterization and a pacing that feels right . . . Through the marvel of their music, these jazzmen live forever."

NPR's Michel Martin speaks with Larry Tye about The Jazzmen, which traces the role that Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and Count Basie played in the civil rights movement.

"Jazz fans, take note! It’s been 125 years since Duke Ellington’s birth, on April 29, 1899, which makes this release rather timely: The Jazzmen: How Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and Count Basie Transformed America (May 7) by Larry Tye, author of the biographies Satchel and Bobby Kennedy. Tye’s research included some 250 interviews focused on these brilliant jazz artists, who, the author says, were influential beyond the world of music: “Duke, Louis and the Count helped kick-start the Civil Rights revolution,” Tye told me in an email exchange about his book. “I hope readers see that these three maestros’ legacies off their bandstands are at least as compelling as on.”"

“One might have thought that there wasn’t much left to say about jazz’s holy trinity, but Tye’s thematic discursions on Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie have a fresh perspective and different angles. He draws on his previous works—including Demagogue: The Life and Long Shadow of Senator Joe McCarthy and Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon—for some lenses through which he views these three men who’ve had a profound influence on American music and culture. The chapters navigating their travels through the American South (especially in Pullman cars) and contributions to the civil rights era are incredibly vivid. The thematic arrangement of the chapters and side-by-side comparisons of how each man navigated everything from racism to romance to the recording industry seem especially suitable for a book that is, after all, about jazz. It also makes each artist all the more distinctive compared to his peers. VERDICT A refreshing and attentive suite of composite portraits for jazz fans and readers interested in the intersection of art, culture, and politics in the 20th-century United States.”

"Larry Tye delivers the inspiring, remarkable successes of three titans of popular music as one triumph of endurance and integrity: the elegant Duke Ellington, the irresistible big band drive of Count Basie and the world-spanning joy of Louis Armstrong."

"This is a musician's dream book, but it's also a must-read story if you've never heard of Basie, Ellington or Armstrong. "The Jazzmen" may send you searching your music library, so make note."

“Like the best music created by Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie, The Jazzmen SWINGS. As Tye makes clear, their story is the story of America in the twentieth century.”

“The Jazzmen begins with colorful people and flows to rich history so beautifully it is musical.”

"Tye, the bestselling author of biographies of Satchel Paige, Joseph McCarthy, and others, embarks on his first voyage into music history. In a single volume, he has essentially produced fairly substantial biographies of Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, and Duke Ellington, contemporaries who became three of the most decorated and celebrated musicians in American history. The author capably delineates their struggles with, and impact on, the often harrowing and sometimes violent complexities and shifting dynamics of American race relations during the first half of the 20th century. The most striking aspect of the book is the astonishing amount of research Tye conducted, the sometimes overwhelming yield of which clears up myths that the golden trio themselves often perpetuated regarding their upbringings, their turbulent personal lives, and the technical evolution of their music. The author takes a fascinating look at the religious backgrounds and beliefs of Armstrong, Basie, and Ellington, who were the most prominent frontmen of the music that fanatics and public figures long blamed and targeted for societal degradation. Tye also explores the friendly but fierce professional rivalry among the three. The author’s vivid style brings readers front and center into the myriad of clubs and studios where Armstrong, Basie, and Ellington played, as well as the social vibe of the cities and towns where their music left an indelible mark. This thoroughly enjoyable musical journey is succinctly titled, yet the scope of Tye's research demonstrates why and how Armstrong, Basie, and Ellington transcended jazz and even music itself to establish themselves in American culture forevermore in words that a young Ellington employed to describe himself: "beyond category." For Ellington, “it wasn’t a contradiction to be an artist as well as a showman.”

"Although many books have been written about these iconic jazz artists, Tye (Demagogue, 2020) insists that "we don't know any of the three. Not really." Duke Ellington was the grandson of slaves. Louis Armstrong was raised by his grandmother, his great-grandmother, and a family of Lithuanian Jews. Count Basie dreamed of a world outside the one he was raised in and, with the help of pianist Fats Waller, was able to find it. Different in temperament, the three jazzmen made a collective impact, "elevating jazz into a pulsating force for spontaneity and freedom" even as they faced racial discrimination in Jim Crow America. None of these men were saints ("Not even close," Tye writes), but what matters is that "[t]hey gave us songs that were the ideal remedies for the blues of everyday life." In Tye's estimation, Ellington was "Shakespearean"; Armstrong, "the Mark Twain of song"; and Basie a "musical everyman." With descriptions of such key venues as Ellington's Cotton Club in Harlem, Basie's Reno Club in Kansas City, and Armstrong's Sunset Cafe in Chicago, Tye incisively portrays three seminal American artists."

“Proud and important history, beautifully told.”

“The Jazzmen reveals how these three musicians, when they express themselves through their instruments, become magical.”

“THE JAZZ MEN” documents the extraordinary diplomatic achievements Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong and Count Basie laid down on the international stage. Each of them was presented to the world as an exemplar, the very pinnacle of American culture. Because of radio, their popularity extended worldwide.

None of your previous books are about music or musicians. What prompted this one?

I wrote a book almost 20 years ago about the Pullman porters, who formed the first Black trade union. When I was talking to the porters, they made me promise to write two books: one about their favorite sports figure, Satchel Paige, and the other about their favorite passengers, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie. When these musicians traveled below the Mason-Dixon line, they’d hire Pullman cars to have a safe place to eat and sleep after their performances. After they returned to the Pullman cars, they would often hold late-night private jam sessions for the porters.

What do their stories reveal about the history of jazz?

They were all born into the nascent jazz world at about the same time, and each encountered many of the difficulties faced by Black jazz musicians. Their stories also trace the development of different styles of jazz in the cities where they got their start: Kansas City [Basie], New York City [Ellington], and New Orleans and Chicago [Armstrong]. Each took a different approach to jazz: Armstrong could hit his high C’s; Ellington could tell stories about Black America in his symphonic pieces; Basie couldn’t resist tapping his feet, and he got his audiences’ tapping theirs as well.

In what ways did their music influence their times and other music?

They laid the groundwork for the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr. talked about how jazz opened up America; it said something to white America about Black artistry and about equal rights. In the same way that gospel music laid the groundwork for jazz, this music laid the groundwork for rock, pop, and soul music. If jazz was an all-American music form, these three were its ambassadors.

What surprised you?

There’s danger in writing about people you think of as heroes or villains. These guys all started out as my heroes, but I discovered they were flesh and blood. I found out things about each of them that suggested they were not entirely unblemished—such as their constant philandering and their failures to create harmonious family lives—but that made them more human.

What lessons do you hope readers take from the book?

These are three of the most rollicking and fun maestros in the history of American music. I hope readers will learn what they meant to American culture and the wider world. Good art really does change our thinking—in this case about what Black men were capable of and that they deserved to be treated as equal.

“Larry Tye has written a masterpiece. These three are not only the most important people in American music, but they changed the whole world in their individual ways.”

“The Jazzmen tells an uplifting and unifying story that is especially important now, when times are so fractured.”

“Entertaining and engrossing, and a warm invitation to an essential part of American history.”

“Tye has found that there are new things to say about The Three Musketeers of Jazz. Read, learn, and enjoy.”

“I thought I was already well-informed about these jazz heroes, but Larry Tye reveals so much more about their musical journeys and personal experiences. It’s like meeting them all over again. I couldn’t put it down.”

"In The Jazzmen, readers are given a full taste of the lives of three complicated musical artists.”

AUDIOFILE

“More about the men and their culture than their music, this thoughtful portrait of grit and human frailty will please a wide range of audiobook lovers.”

FLORIDA COURIER

“Armstrong, Basie, and Ellington toppled barriers, “but they did so carefully, knowing that to do otherwise… was suicidal.” No trio, he adds, “did as much as Duke, Satchmo, and the Count to set the table for the insurrection by opening white America’s ears and souls to the grace of their music and their personalities, demonstrating the virtues of Black artistry and Black humanity.”

Reviews of DEMAGOGUE

“Larry Tye gives us the fullest account yet of [Joseph McCarthy,] the crusading senator from Wisconsin.” (Full article)

""Larry Tye’s purpose in his new biography, “Demagogue: The Life and Long Shadow of Senator Joe McCarthy” (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), is to make the case that Donald Trump is a twenty-first-century Joe McCarthy … He more than makes the case. The likeness is uncanny." (Full article)

"'Demagogue' Remembers a Vintage American Bully" (Full article)

"Tye has produced a compelling and rich biography that will become the new authoritative text on its subject." (Full article)

"Tye brings [McCarthy] back to ferocious life … This is a must-read biography … and every reader will blanch at its events' resemblances to today's fraught political conflicts." (Full article)

“Tye captures ‘Low Blow Joe’ in all his shambolic ingloriousness … The result is an epic expose that … will leave [readers] shaking their heads over the rise and fall of the greatest demagogue in American history.” (Full article)

"This book, meticulously documented and written in a brisk, readable style, should be required reading for any student of American history, and general readers will blanch at its parallels with today’s fraught political discourse." (Full article)

“[A] sure-handed account … searing and informative portrait of [Senator Joseph McCarthy] and his specific brand of self-aggrandizing demagoguery.” (Full article)

“Written in a straightforward, judicious style … a definitive biography that will stand the test of time.” (Full article)

“Demagogue is a beautifully written, richly researched tragedy, a morality tale in three acts. In the end, it proves that most demagogues, like the legendary emperor, usually have no clothes. And it’s not a pretty sight to behold.” (Full article)

“Meaty narrative … a timely examination of a would-be savior whose name remains a byword for demagoguery.“ (Full article)

“Tye has researched extensively and consulted more archival material than has been available to any previous McCarthy biographer … ‘Demagogue’ does an impressive job of shedding new light on Joe McCarthy, but the more light is shed, the more repulsive he appears.“ (Full article)

“Bestselling biographer Larry Tye writes a long and comprehensive biography of Sen. Joseph McCarthy, the polarizing spearhead of the Red Scare of the 1950s and – Tye contends – the origin of some disturbing features in our 21st-century political landscape.“ (Full article)

“In this vivid chronicle of the ascent, reign, and decline of Joseph McCarthy, Tye places the Wisconsin senator in the context of the reflexive anti-intellectualism and anti-elitism of Huey Long and Father Charles Coughlin.“ (Full article)

“If you have trouble understanding the allure that Donald Trump has for so many Americans, you need to read Larry Tye's new book, "Demagogue," about the life and long shadow of Wisconsin's own Sen. Joe McCarthy.“ (Full article)

“Larry Tye’s Demagogue nails the defining biography of Joe McCarthy. I grew up a Cold War kid watching it all on television. I thought I knew it all, but Tye makes it real. To understand Donald Trump, you have to understand Joe McCarthy first, and Tye’s your guide.”

“Tye has written a fabulous, can't-put-down examination of one of the most dangerous politicians in American history. But Demagogue is more than a biography—it's a warning of the peril we are facing.”

“Tye takes us, step by step, as one of America’s most dangerous right-wing populists learns how to use fear and deception to vault his way into power and threaten our country’s most basic rights. The lessons for today are all too clear.”

“In an age when we see the resurrection of Senator Joe McCarthy’s tactics — exaggeration and lies, guilt by association, the smearing of political opponents, and above all the acquiescence of enablers who know better — Larry Tye’s DEMAGOGUE is a gripping, essential read.”

“The most consequential legacy of McCarthyism is not the return of a bullying, authoritarian personality to high political office but the persistent suppression of left-leaning ideas and policies in the United States by means of red-baiting.” (Full article)

“In writing the definitive account of Senator Joe McCarthy, longtime journalist Larry Tye has provided more than untold history, but also an essential primer for the times of Trump, as America experiences another authoritarian personality who has gained an outsized hold on the Republican Party. We cannot ignore the lessons revealed in Larry Tye’s narrative."

“As the demagogue now in the Oval Office--mentored personally by McCarthy's unscrupulous disciple Roy Cohn--asserts monarchical authority, it has never been more urgent to have Larry Tye's definitive answers to the questions: How did Joe McCarthy get power in America? And how was he brought down?"

“The new material from McCarthy’s personal archive add interesting and colorful detail to what has previously been known.” (Full article)

“Larry Tye's deeply reported Demagogue accomplishes two essential tasks at once. As first-rate biographies do, it lifts Joe McCarthy from stereotype to vivid flesh, while also using the past to illuminate the present."

“Fueled by a trove of newly uncovered documents, Demagogue charts the legacy of Joe McCarthy, reviled master of the political smear, through the malign tutelage of McCarthy henchman Roy Cohn and directly to Donald J. Trump. A must-read.”

"Larry Tye's razor smart and riveting account is a timely, and dismaying, reminder of how hard it is for American politics to turn on a demagogue who exploits our fears. Joe McCarthy left few profiles in political courage in his wake."

“There couldn’t be a more fitting time for Larry Tye to revisit the history of Senator Joe McCarthy. Based on new archival findings, Demagogue tells the story of one of the notorious senators in congressional history, a legislator who destroyed lives, shattered reputations, and damaged institutions until he eventually did himself in.”

Larry Tye gives McCarthy his due and includes extensive commentary from Joe’s supporters. In the end, however, Tye regards McCarthy’s impact on American culture up to the present day as tragic. An absorbing but scary read. (Full article)

"Tye ... has documented McCarthy’s life in exhaustive detail with newly available sources from declassified government documents, personal correspondence, and medical records. What Tye’s research demonstrates is the banality of McCarthy’s promised revelations and the triviality of his senate career." (Full article)

Reviews of Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon

“The book is terrific . . . The narrative is great, author is exact with details and clear with the big picture . . . Honestly I’ve been crying two or three times while reading! (But please don’t tell anyone).”

“Mr. Tye… has a keen gift for narrative storytelling and an ability to depict his subject with almost novelistic emotional detail… Tye conscientiously strips away the accretions of myth that have come to surround Robert F. Kennedy, while at the same time creating a sympathetic portrait of this complex, searching man.”

“Tye traces the jagged line of Bobby Kennedy’s transformation from ideologue to idealist while attorney general. But that path was anything but straight… Like Alexander Hamilton during our nation’s founding, Kennedy was the most dominant figure of his time not to be elected president. He shaped events during the most turbulent years since the Civil War.. Any study of Bobby Kennedy will be less about what he was than what he might have become. Tye has crafted a multi-layered, inspiring portrait of RFK. Because the author refuses to avert his eyes from the uglier chapters in Kennedy’s life, he provides readers and historians their most in-depth look at an extraordinary figure whose transformational story shaped America at mid-century.”

“Larry Tye has done his homework. He has read the books and articles, interviewed hundreds of family members, friends, colleagues and acquaintances, and made use of newly released materials in the Kennedy Library and elsewhere to produce a nuanced, balanced, affectionate and mostly favorable portrait”¦ [Tye] presents us with a kind of bildungsroman of a young, privileged man who is forced to learn on the job and makes mistakes”¦ We are in Larry Tye’s debt for bringing back to life the young presidential candidate who”¦ for a brief moment, almost half a century ago, instilled hope for the future in angry, fearful Americans.”

"Tye’s vivid journalistic style makes the biography an arresting read… no one yet, including biographers he highly esteems… has ‘examined the nuances of [Bobby Kennedy’s] pilgrimage. … It was [not] a straight line from conservative to liberal.’ These… ‘dueling aspects of Bobby’s political soul’ [are] what drove the award-winning Boston Globe reporter to interview more than 400 sources (including Ethel Kennedy) and review 58 boxes of Kennedy’s personal papers that had been locked away for four decades… Though Tye clearly admires the compassionate, tenacious leader that Bobby became, he does not allow that persona to obfuscate or excuse his earlier political acts of joining McCarthy’s witch hunts or bolstering corrupt dictators."

“A captivating account of the political career of Robert F. Kennedy, from his years as a zealous communist hunter for Joe McCarthy through the 1968 presidential campaign during which he was assassinated ate age 42. For this state-of-the-art political biography, Tye conducted 400 interviews with people who worked with Kennedy. He also had access to national archives. The author’s admiration for his subject shows, but this is no hagiography”¦Shedding new light on Kennedy’s relationships with Lyndon Johnson and Martin Luther King Jr., Tye ultimately reveals Kennedy as a work in progress who, by the end of his life, had become a beloved advocate for minorities and the poor”¦ [An] absorbing narrative”

“Mr Tye’s account is nuanced and thorough”¦ highlighting how much Kennedy would change over his short life. His cold-warrior posturing”¦ would soften as he saw more of the world and its hardships. Gradually, this privileged son who lived in an enormous mansion learned to empathise with those on the fringes of society”¦ Indeed, it is Kennedy’s work on civil rights and poverty that reverberates most powerfully through history. As attorney-general during his brother’s presidency, he ordered troops to prepare for a stand-off in Alabama with the arch-segregationist governor over admitting African-Americans to the state university. As a senator, he travelled to Mississippi to search out the poverty that the state’s leaders ignored. He also became an early ally to Cesar Chavez and the farmworkers Chavez fought for”